青藏高原拥有丰富的自然资源、壮丽无限的风光、珍稀的野生动物,吸引着全世界范围内的专家学者、摄影家、旅行者前来体验和记录世界屋脊的风采。然而,随着全球变暖的加剧,除了南极北极的冰川面临融化危机之外,被誉为世界“第三极”的青藏高原也并未幸免,青藏高原的生态环境脆弱而敏感,它掌握着全世界生态系统的命脉。青海省的“三江源”地区处于青藏高原腹地,更成为生态保护的重中之重。
三年来,青海省不遗余力的发展生态文明建设,相比去年的草原覆盖率增长了26%,濒危动物的数量也在逐年增加,青海省为保护生态具体做了哪些举措?又取得了怎样的成果?跟随中国日报外籍记者艾瑞克(Erik Nilsson)前去青藏高原一探究竟……
长江源村的故事:生态搬迁之典范
更尕南杰一家曾是住在海拔4700米高原上的牧民群众,为响应国家三江源生态保护政策,跟随高原上的128户牧民放下牧鞭,离开世代生活的长江源头,搬到了位于青海省格尔木市郊的新家园——长江源村。
We were nomads living at high altitudes, about 4,700 meters above sea level.We used to live nearthe source of the Yangtze River. Answering the Party's and our country's callto protect Sanjiangyuan (the source of the Yellow, Yangtze and Lancang rivers)We abandoned the nomadic way of life, which had been in place for generations to move here.
长江源村的每家每户都有国家颁发的正规化的草原承包合同,他们都会定期主动承担“草原管护员”的职责,在自家的草场范围内巡逻、监测生态环境的变化,自觉保护环境、维护生态平衡。
更尕南杰说:“搬下来之后交通方便了,看病方便了,学生入学也方便了;现在的草原干干净净的,水也清了,草叶绿了,这也是我们的草原管护员不断的巡逻、捡垃圾所做出的贡献。自从习主席来过之后,每个人都提高了保护草原的意识,大家的精神面貌有了很大的改变。”
The grassland is cleaner now,with clearer rivers and greener mountains. This is partly attributed to our efforts in garbage pickup and patrol.Everyone now has a greater political consciousnessas well as an awareness of grassland protection,bringing more changes year by year.Especially after PresidentXi Jinpingvisited here,till now, villagers here have shown a better spirit.
“盐湖资源的开发要与保护并重!”
青海省正在全力综合利用盐湖资源、发展清洁能源建设、打造特色农牧业和文旅产业。美丽的盐湖既为青海提供了丰富的矿物资源,又为旅游业的发展提供了良好契机。“察尔汗”为蒙古语,意思是盐的世界。察尔汗盐湖位于青海省柴达木盆地南部,是中国最大的盐湖,也是世界上最著名的内陆盐湖之一。
青海盐湖工业股份有限公司总裁谢康民提到:“我们盐湖资源的开发真正实现了保护中开发,开发中保护。60年间我们将荒芜的盐湖开发成飞鸟成群、水草丰美的万顷盐田。”
The use of the salt lake.It is in a model of paying equal attention to both development and protection.Our use demonstrates the principle of development through protectionand protection through development.
盐湖循环经济是一个供需低碳、生态环保的过程。盐湖循环经济项目从产品原料的高效利用到废料的再度利用,完成了从“资源—产品—废物”到“资源—产品—再生资源”的完美变革,实现了可持续健康发展。
“要看家乡美不美,先看荒山绿不绿”
卯寨景区位于青海省海东市乐都区高庙镇新庄村,因古代官道驿站得名,依托当地乡土民俗和河湟文化,积极探索“党总支+”乡村有效治理新模式,成为当地乡村振兴、文旅融合发展的典范。
60岁的老党员李连和自小在这里长大,1982年外出打工,领着乡亲走南闯北积累了一定的资金,2013年回到家乡,积极响应“绿水青山就是金山银山”的号召,自主投资2000万元开垦荒山搞绿化,带头建设卯寨花田。他常讲的一句话就是:“要看家乡美不美,先看荒山绿不绿。”
I led residents to make the mountains green,which reflects President Xi's call of "gold and silver mountains".We worked at the planting first,and later we had the idea to develop tourism.We then created the flower fields.
新庄村的村民说:“之前的卯寨就是个穷山沟,现在外地游客人山人海,餐饮产业也兴旺了,百姓富裕了,整个山村的面貌有了翻天覆地的变化。”
Recently, huge crowds of people came.Some seniors had not seen so many people.Some industries such as the catering industry developed well.Great changes have taken place in the village.
沙漠绿洲的奇迹
青藏高原的防沙治沙、荒漠化治理一直是青海省生态环境保护的难点。
The strategies employed in Qinghai demonstrate that, not only are these dimensions not necessarily at odds, but they can actually be mutually reinforcing. That is, such initiatives go beyond balancing these as opposing forces to creating conditions in which they’re symbiotic, in which they propel each other in the same direction.
从2015年开始,青海黄河实业集团投资建设的苏弥山庄“中国农业公园”在昆仑山脚下展开了一场“沙漠造血计划”,预计治理3万亩黄沙,经过三年间的努力,已经将一期的1万亩荒漠变为绿洲。这里建起了温室大棚,长出了枸杞、胡杨、万亩防风林,防风治沙工程获得了显著的效果。
荒漠化治理是个十分艰难的过程,黄河实业集团董事长黄应山说到:“每逢最困难的时候,奋斗在一线的同事们流尽了汗水和泪水,我就和他们一起在前沿就地研究怎么样针对性地因地制宜种植防护林,防风固沙、造福后代。”
如今看来,青海的未来不仅更加光明,而且更加绿色。发生在“世界屋脊”上的变化不仅改变着青海,而且最终将改变我们共同居住的地球。青藏高原的生态保护离不开绿色产业和政策的有效推动,更离不开我们每一个人的悉心守护。
Today, Qinghai’s future not only looks brighter but also greener, in every sense. And the transformation that is taking place on the roof of the world is not just changing Qinghai but, ultimately, the planet we all share.
来源 | 中国日报网
责编 | 陈倩